The Pound Sterling is the national currency of the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands, Gibraltar, South Georgia, and the British Antarctic Territory. 

It is the oldest currency still in constant use! Known as the sterling or pound and abbreviated as GBP. It is the fourth most commonly exchanged currency on the forex market!

The Bank of England issues the pound sterling, prints its banknotes, and supplies them to private banks across the United Kingdom. 

The four current notes in circulation are the £5, £10, £20, and £50. Coins come in £1, £2, 50p, 20p, 10p, 5p and 1p. 

Current banknotes

Today, the four denominations of banknotes in circulation are produced and printed on polymer, with £20 & £50 notes also manufactured on paper. 

On all polymer notes, there is a large see-through window with a portrait of the Queen. The note's numerical value and the words the “Bank of England” are printed twice around the edge of this window. 

A metallic image sits above this window. The foil is gold on the front of the £5 and £10 notes whilst the £20 note is gold and blue and gold and green on the £50 note.

On all of the British pound notes is a picture of the Queen. On the other side of the £5 is Winston Churchill, the £10 showing Jane Austen. 

The 20-pound note in polymer shows JMW Turner, whereas the paper version observes Adam Smith.

Finally, the £50 polymer note features a picture of Alan Turing, on the paper version Matthew Boulton and James Watt. 

History of the Pound Sterling

The name of the pound comes from the Latin word libra, which refers to its balance and weight. 

The Bank of England first issued pound banknotes more than 300 years ago and have undergone several changes over the years. 

The pound coin first appeared in 1489, during the reign of Henry VII. Pound notes started to circulate in England in 1694. 

The United Kingdom allowed the British pound to float freely in 1971, among other currencies. This decision enabled market factors to decide its value. The currency sign for the pound was created with a single cross-bar (£), as seen on modern banknotes since 1975. 

A variation with a double cross-bar (₤) has been used intermittently with £ since the earliest banknotes of 1725. 

In place of the pound sign, an “L” was employed in newspapers, books and letters. This symbol derives from medieval Latin documents, the black letter “L”, an abbreviation for libra, the basic Roman unit of weight. It became an English unit of weight, defined as the tower pound of sterling silver.

In the British pre-decimal (duodecimal) currency system, the term £sd (or Lsd) for pounds, shillings and pence referred to the Roman words libra, solidus, and denarius. 

The UK considered attaching the value of the British pound to the Deutsche mark in 1990 but soon afterwards discarded that notion. 

In 2002, after the euro became the shared currency of most member states of the European Union. The United Kingdom opted not to follow it. The UK retained GBP as its national currency.

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